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The rectus capitis lateralis is a small muscle that arises from the superior surface of the transverse process of the atlas (C1) and ascends superiorly to insert onto the inferior surface of the jugular process of occipital bone.

a b c McHanwell, Steve; Watson, Charles (1 January 2009). "Localization of Motoneurons in the Spinal Cord". The Spinal Cord: 94–114. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374247-6.50011-0. ISBN 9780123742476. Striations in cardiac muscle are not as defined as those seen in skeletal muscle as they are slightly obscured by relatively large amounts of mitochondria and other organelles present in the cell (reflecting the higher metabolic demands of this tissue compared with skeletal muscle). Cardiomyocytes are connected at their ends by specialized junctional complexes known as intercalated discs; these serve to functionally couple all cardiomyocytes, thus allowing rapid propagation of signals for contraction across the heart muscle tissue. In light microscopy, they are identified as dark staining, irregularly arranged short lines which cross the cardiac muscle tissue, perpendicular to the fiber direction. If the mandible is fixed, the mylohyoid elevates the hyoid bone and the floor of the mouth, which aids the act of deglutition by pressing the tongue against the hard palate. M.H. Stone, M. Stone and W.A. Sands: Principles and Practice of Resistance Training, 1st edition, (2007), p. 175-182.

The muscle bellies both travel towards the hyoid bone and connect via the intermediate tendon, a fibrous tissue sling that is anchored to the superior aspect of the body of hyoid bone. Muscular dystrophy is a group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion. Muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle fibres (muscle cells) and tissue.

The suprahyoid muscles are four muscles located superior to the hyoid bone. They connect the hyoid bone to the mandible and the base of the skull and form the floor of the oral cavity. These muscles include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and stylohyoid muscles. Moore, K. L., Dalley, A. F., & Agur, A. M. R. (2014). Clinically Oriented Anatomy (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. The muscle is innervated by the anterior rami of the spinal nerves C2-C6. Its blood supply stems from branches of the vertebral, inferior thyroid and ascending pharyngeal arteries. Multifidus cervicis, that arises from the articular processes of vertebrae C4-C7 and inserts onto the spinous processes of vertebrae 2-5 levels above the origin. The semispinalis capitis is innervated by the descending branches of the greater occipital nerve (C2) and spinal nerve C3, while the semispinalis cervicis and multifidus cervicis are innervated by the medial branches of posterior rami of spinal nerves. These muscles receive their blood supply via branches of the vertebral, deep cervical and occipital arteries.

In a parallel arrangement, the length of the fascicles run to the long axis of the muscle. There are three types of parallel muscles: The stylohyoid muscle is innervated by the stylohyoid branch of the facial nerve (CN VII). Its blood supply is derived from the facial, occipital and posterior auricular arteries.