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Confucius influenced America's founding fathers: scholar". 2017-09-26. Archived from the original on 2021-08-09 . Retrieved 2021-04-12. Berger, Peter (February 15, 2012). "Is Confucianism a Religion?". The American Interest. Archived from the original on August 17, 2015 . Retrieved August 13, 2015. Schuman, Michael (2015). Confucius: And the World He Created. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-04057-5. Archived from the original on 2017-04-16. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community believes Confucius was a Divine Prophet of God, as were Lao-Tzu and other eminent Chinese personages. [59]

Shen, Vincent (2013). Dao Companion to Classical Confucian Philosophy. Springer. ISBN 978-90-481-2936-2. Archived from the original on 2019-10-11 . Retrieved 2018-12-04. Ginsberg and China". 9 September 2017. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021 . Retrieved 12 April 2021. Hutton, Eric L. (11 June 2019) [26 May 2016]. "Confucius". Oxford Bibliographies: Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/OBO/9780195396577-0290. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022 . Retrieved 8 March 2022. (subscription required)Intorcetta, Prospero; etal., eds. (1687), Confucius Sinarum Philosophus, sive, Scientia Sinensis Latine Exposita [ Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese, or, Chinese Knowledge Explained in Latin] , Paris: Daniel Horthemels . (in Latin) bewilderment, doubt, uncertainty, puzzlement, perplexity, mystification, bafflement, perturbation Omissions in my recent article may have caused some confusion. Confucius's political thought is based upon his ethical thought. He argued that the best government is one that rules through "rites" ( lǐ) and people's natural morality, and not by using bribery and coercion. He explained that this is one of the most important analects: "If the people be led by laws, and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments, they will try to avoid the punishment, but have no sense of shame. If they be led by virtue, and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety, they will have the sense of the shame, and moreover will become good." ( Analects 2.3, tr. Legge). This "sense of shame" is an internalisation of duty, where the punishment precedes the evil action, instead of following it in the form of laws as in Legalism. [ citation needed] DNA test to clear up Confucius confusion". Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China. 18 June 2006. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011 . Retrieved 31 May 2009.

China, the Confucian Ideal, and the European Age of Enlightenment" (PDF). December 1983. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-10 . Retrieved 2021-04-10.Confucius's descendants were repeatedly identified and honored by successive imperial governments with titles of nobility and official posts. They were honored with the rank of a marquis 35 times since Gaozu of the Han dynasty, and they were promoted to the rank of duke 42 times from the Tang dynasty to the Qing dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang first bestowed the title of "Duke Wenxuan" on Kong Suizhi of the 35th generation. In 1055, Emperor Renzong of Song first bestowed the title of " Duke Yansheng" on Kong Zongyuan of the 46th generation. [ citation needed] Nylan, Michael; Wilson, Thomas A. (2010). Lives of Confucius: Civilization's Greatest Sage through the Ages. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-51069-1. Under the succeeding Han and Tang dynasties, Confucian ideas gained even more widespread prominence. Under Wudi, the works attributed to Confucius were made the official imperial philosophy and required reading for civil service examinations in 140 BCE which was continued nearly unbroken until the end of the 19th century. As Mohism lost support by the time of the Han, the main philosophical contenders were Legalism, which Confucian thought somewhat absorbed, the teachings of Laozi, whose focus on more spiritual ideas kept it from direct conflict with Confucianism, and the new Buddhist religion, which gained acceptance during the Southern and Northern Dynasties era. Both Confucian ideas and Confucian-trained officials were relied upon in the Ming Dynasty and even the Yuan Dynasty, although Kublai Khan distrusted handing over provincial control to them. [ citation needed] Descendants and Portraits of Confucius in the Early Southern Song" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-09-13 . Retrieved 2016-05-03.